UGPL.net/blog

Building the Bridge to Real Content

Static version of the personal blog on this domain, with english and german content.
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    Wie kann man eine Open-Source-Lizenz universell einsetzbar machen?
    Welche einfachen Tricks habe ich benutzt, als ich in 2001 die Universal General Public License (UGPL) von der orginal GPL abgeleitet habe? In der US-amerikanischen und Britischen Jurisdiktion ist es gängige Praxis am Anfang eines Vertrags einen Abschnitt mit juristischen Definitionen einzusetzen, welcher seine Wirkung auf das gesamte nachfolgende Vertragsdokument entfaltet. Du kannst so einen Abschnitt wie folgt dazu benutzen, um den Kontext und den Geltungsbereich einer üblichen Open-Source-Software-Lizenz zu erweitern:
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    Is it legal for AI to scrape licensed material and reproduce it in the generated output?
    There are some big legal questions, which are affecting any content creator and/or content provider today: Is it legal for a internet robot so scrape all of the available content for the purpose of training a generative AI model? Is it legal for a AI company to train any generative AI model on the scraped content? Is it legal when a generative AI model reproduces licensed and/or copyrighted content while inferencing? Hmm... Let us apply some logical thinking and common sence when trying to answer this questions...
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    How to make any open source license universally usable
    What are the simple tweaks I have used, when I derived the Universal General Public License (UGPL) from the original GPL in 2001? In US and UK judiciary it is common to use a terms section at the beginning of a contract to set up important legal definitions, which apply the contract. You can use this section to expand the context and the scope of a common open source software license as follows:
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    Turn out the lights, the internet is over
    EN: Found on theregister.com The British guys have always their sense of humor: Turn out the lights, the internet is over is the headline they have chosen for their post. So this may rise the question: Why is this blog appeared right when the AI search is destroying the "old" web? The answer is:
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    Snowflake and Databricks buy PostgreSQL know how
    Found on theregister.com In the past few weeks in May and June 2025 Snowflake and Databricks with their acquisions of Neon and Crunchy Data followed Microsoft with their acquisition of Citus Data in 2019. Immediately after that on their Data+AI Summit Databricks launched the Lakebase transactional database service which was developed by Neom and is based on the PostgreSQL open source DBMS technology and stores all of the data on cloud blob storage:
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    There are only 3 to 4 general web search indexes today
    Found on arstechnica.com Update on the 23rd of August 2025 based in information from heise.de. Today there are only three general web search indexes and a new european one was anounced on the 7th of August 2025: Google google.com Google's index "has all the important parts of the web, plus niche
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    How DuckLake compares to Databricks, IceBerg, BigQuery and Snowflake?
    Found on thegerister.com. DuckDB proposed DuckLake as a standard for metadata and catalogs, claims it simplifies lakehouses by using a standard SQL database for all metadata, instead of complex file-based systems, while still storing data in open formats like Parquet. It will be seen, if this makes them more reliable, faster, and easier to manage. The corresponding blog post is worth reading, because it gives a systematic view on the high level data architectures of DuckLake, Databricks, IceBerg, BigQuery and Snowflake.
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    Abstract definition for the term art
    This is a repost of an article, which was posted in 2002 under the terms and conditions of the UGPL license. The following text provides a textual definition of the term art as generally and as comprehensively as possible, reflecting the different ways of understanding different people have and explaining the different ways of understanding art. The method used is the definition relative to another term, which sometimes is also used in mathematics.
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    The Impact of Superhuman AI
    EN: Found on telepolis.de: The coming reality will be without mercy - adaption is not a bonus anymore, it is a precondition for survival Found on ai-2027.com: We predict that the impact of superhuman AI over the next decade will be enormous, exceeding that of the Industrial Revolution. Found on
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    The Impact of Viewing Art on Well-being
    Found on science.orf.at: Art viewing is increasingly thought to have well-being benefits and has been applied for the public good. Visual Arts – a Compelling, Under-examined Resource for Well-being According to the authors from the University of Vienna five mechanisms could be identified, why art viewing benefits to well-being:
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    Warum Kunst glücklich macht
    Gefunden auf science.orf.at: Studien- Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass das Betrachten von Kunst – sei es im Rahmen der eigenen Hobbys oder durch gezielte Intervention – das Wohlbefinden erheblich fördern kann. Laut Uni Wien konnten fünf zugrunde liegende Mechanismen identifiziert werden, welche dazu beitragen, dass Kunst glücklich macht:
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    IT doesn't matter
    I think it is a good idea and time to repost this excellent 2003 article by Nicholas Carr with the title IT Doesn’t Matter. Today maybe the two following excerpts are important: Proprietary technologies can be owned, actually or effectively, by a single company. As long as they remain protected, proprietary technologies can be the foundations for long-term strategic advantages, enabling companies to reap higher profits than their rivals. (and) Infrastructural technologies, in contrast, offer far more value when shared than when used in isolation. ...and today it's all about infrastructure, platforms and interoperability.